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    • 专利摘要:
    FIBER WITH WIDE REAL AREA AND CORE FREE FROM GE. According to some embodiments, an optical waveguide fiber comprises: (i) a Ge-free core with a real area of 90 (Mi) m2 to 160 (Mi) 2, at a wavelength of 1,550 nm, and a value of (Alpha) where 12, (Equal Minor) (Alpha) (Equal Minor) 25, said nucleus comprising: (a) a central nucleus region, which extends radially outward from a central line to a radius r? where 0 (Mi) m (Minor equal) r? (Minor equal) 2 (Mi) me has a percentage profile of the relative refractive index, (Delta)? (R) in%, measured in relation to pure silica where -0.1% (Minor equal) (Delta)? ( r) (Equal less) 0.1%, where the central core region has a maximum percentage of the relative refractive index (Delta)? MAX; (b) a first annular nucleus region, which surrounds and is directly adjacent to the central nucleus region, extends to an external radius, r1 where 4.8 (Mi) m (Minor equal) r1 (Minor equal) 10 (Mi) me has a percentage profile of the relative refractive index, (Delta) 1 (r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica, as well as a minimum relative refractive index (Delta) MIN, (...)
    公开号:BR112012018573B1
    申请号:R112012018573-0
    申请日:2011-01-26
    公开日:2020-10-13
    发明作者:Scott Robertson Bickham；Dana Craig Bookbinder；Ming-Jun Li；Snigdharaj Kumar Mishira；Daniel Aloysius Nolan；Pushkar Tandon
    申请人:Corning Incorporated；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Cross-referencing related orders
    [001] The present application claims the priority benefit of the United States application of serial number 12 / 696,189, filed on January 29, 2010. Field of invention
    [002] In general terms, the present invention relates to optical fibers and, in particular, optical fibers with a large real area, pure silica core and low attenuation. Technical foundation
    [003] Typically, optical amplification technology and wavelength division multiplexing techniques are required in telecommunications systems that provide high power transmissions over long distances. The definitions of “high power” and “long distances” only make sense in the context of a specific telecommunications system in which a bit rate, a wrong bit rate, a multiplexing scheme and, perhaps, optical amplifiers are specified. There are other factors, known to those skilled in the art, that influence the definitions of "high power" and "long distance". However, for most purposes, “high power” is an optical power greater than 10 mW. High-power systems often suffer from non-linear optical effects, including phase auto-modulation, four-wave mixing, cross-phase modulation and non-linear spreading processes, all of which can cause signal degradation in transmission systems. High power. In some applications, single power levels of 1 mW or less are still sensitive to non-linear effects, so non-linear effects can be of important consideration even in these lower power systems. In addition, other attributes of optical fibers, such as attenuation, are a major contributing factor to signal degradation.
    [004] In general terms, an optical waveguide fiber with a wide real (Areal) area decreases nonlinear optical effects, including phase auto-modulation, four-wave mixing, cross-phase modulation and nonlinear scattering, all of which can cause signal degradation in high power systems.
    [005] On the other hand, increasing the actual area of an optical waveguide fiber normally results in increased losses induced by macrocurvatures, thus attenuating the signal transmission through the fiber. Losses due to macrocurvature increase more and more between long (for example, 100 km or more) distances (or spaces between feedback, amplifiers, transmitters and / or receivers). Unfortunately, the larger the actual area of a conventional optical fiber, the greater the losses induced by macrocurvature tend to be. In addition, attenuation can be a major contributing factor to the degradation of signals in fibers with a wide real area. summary
    [006] One embodiment of the invention consists of an optical waveguide fiber comprising: (i) a Ge-free core with a real area of about 90 pm2 to about 160 pm2, at a wavelength of 1,550 nm, and a value of α where 12 <α <200, said nucleus comprising: (a) a central nucleus region, which extends radially out of a central line at a radius r0 and has a percentage profile of the refractive index relative, Δo (r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica, in which the central core region has a maximum percentage of the AQMAX relative refractive index; (b) a first annular nucleus region, which surrounds and is directly adjacent to the central nucleus region, extends to an external radius n where 4.8 pm <n <10 pm and has a percentage profile of the refractive index relative, Δ-i (r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica, as well as a minimum relative refractive index Δ2MIN, where the relative refractive index measured at a radius r = 2.5 pm is: -0.15 <Δ-i (r = 2.5 pm) <0 and ΔQMAX Δ-i (r = 2.5 pm); (c) a second annular region doped with fluorine, which surrounds and is directly adjacent to the first annular nucleus region, extends to a radius r2 where 13 pm <r2 <30 pm and has a negative percentage profile of the refractive index relative, Δ2 (r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica, where the minimum percentage of the relative refractive index Δ2MIN θ: Δ2MIN <Δ-i (r = 2.5 pm) and -0.7% Δ2MIN - - 0.28%; (ii) a coating, which surrounds the core and has a percentage of the relative refractive index, Δ3 (r) in%, measured in relation to silica, where the profile of the relative refractive index of the optical fiber is selected in order to provide an attenuation of less than 0.175 dB / km at the wavelength of 1,550 nm.
    [007] Preferably, according to the embodiments described in this document, Δ3 (r)> Δ2MIN-In some embodiments, Δ3 (r) = Δ2MIN ± 0.3%. In addition, according to at least some embodiments, 0 pm <r0 <2 pm.
    [008] According to some exemplary embodiments, at least part of the central core region is made of pure silica.
    [009] Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will be defined in the detailed description below and, in part, will be evident to those skilled in the art based on said description or will be recognized through the practice of the invention as described here, including the detailed description below , the claims and the attached drawings.
    [010] It should be kept in mind that both the general description above and the detailed description below present embodiments of the invention and are intended to provide an overview or context for understanding the nature and character of the invention as claimed. The accompanying drawings have been included to enable a better understanding of the invention and are incorporated into this specification and are part of it. The drawings illustrate various embodiments of the invention and, together with the description, serve to explain its principles and operations. Brief description of the drawings
    [011] Figure 1A illustrates a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the present invention;
    [012] Figure 1B schematically illustrates an exemplary refractive index profile of the fiber of Figure 1 A;
    [013] Figures 2 to 19 illustrate refractive index profiles of exemplary embodiments of the optical fibers of the present invention;
    [014] figure 20 illustrates the measured refractive index profiles of an exemplary embodiment of a fiber;
    [015] figure 21 illustrates the refractive index profiles of the exemplary embodiments of two other fibers;
    [016] figure 22 illustrates the LLWM modeled in relation to the microcurvature FOM for fibers in the range of the examples given in table 4; Detailed description Definitions
    [017] The term “refractive index profile” refers to the relationship between the refractive index, or relative refractive index, and the radius of the waveguide fiber.
    [018] The “percentage of the relative refractive index” is defined by Δ% = 100 x (n (r) 2-ns2) / 2n (r) 2, where n (r) is the index of refraction at the radial distance r of the centerline of the fiber, unless otherwise specified, and ns is the refractive index of silica at a wavelength of 1,550 nm. As used in this document, the relative refractive index is represented by Δ and its values are given in units of “%”, unless otherwise specified. If the refractive index of a region is less than that of silica, the percentage of the relative refractive index is negative (and the region is said to have a lowered refractive index) and calculated at the point where the relative refractive index is more negative, unless otherwise specified. If the refractive index of a region is greater than that of silica, the percentage of the relative refractive index is positive (and the region is said to be elevated or has a positive index) and calculated at the point where the relative refractive index it is more positive, unless otherwise specified. In the present document, a “superdopant” is considered to be a dopant prone to increase the refractive index in relation to pure undoped dope. In the present document, a “subdopant” is considered to be a dopant prone to decrease the refractive index in relation to pure undoped dope. An overdose may be present in a region of an optical fiber with a negative relative refractive index when accompanied by one or more other dopants that are not overdose. Likewise, one or more dopants that are not overdose may be present in a region of an optical fiber with a positive relative refractive index. A subdopant can be present in a region of an optical fiber with a positive relative refractive index when accompanied by one or more other dopants who are not subdopants. Similarly, one or more dopants who are not subdopants can be present in a region of an optical fiber with a negative relative refractive index.
    [019] The "chromatic dispersion", in this document only called "dispersion", unless otherwise indicated, of a waveguide fiber is the sum of the material dispersion, the waveguide dispersion and the intermodal dispersion. In the case of singlemode waveguide fibers, the intermodal dispersion is zero. The dispersion values in a bimodal regime assume an intermodal dispersion equal to zero. The zero dispersion wavelength (Ao) is the wavelength at which the dispersion is equal to zero. The dispersion deviation is the rate of change in dispersion in relation to the wavelength.
    [020] The “real area” is defined as: Areai = 2π (ff 2r dr) 2 / (Jf 4r dr), where the integration limits are 0 to °°, and the transversal component of the electric field associated with the light propagated in the guide of waves. As used herein, the term "real area" or "Areai" refers to the actual optical area at a wavelength of 1,550 nm, unless otherwise stated.
    [021] The term “profile a” refers to a profile of the relative refractive index, expressed in terms of Δ (r) in “%”, where r is the radius, which follows the equation Δ (r) = in that r0 is the point where Δ (r) is maximum, n is the point where Δ (r)% is zero, and r is in the range of r ^ r ^ R, where Δ is defined above, η is the starting point of the profile a, R is the end point of the profile a, and a is an exponent that is a real number.
    [022] The diameter of the modal field (MFD) is measured using the Petermann II method, where 2w = MFD and w2 = (2ff2 r dr / J [df / dr] 2 r dr), the entire limits being from 0 to ∞.
    [023] The resistance to curvature of a waveguide fiber can be estimated by the attenuation induced under predetermined test conditions.
    [024] One type of curvature test is the lateral load microcurvature test. In this so-called “side load” test, a predetermined length of the waveguide fiber is arranged between two flat plates. A # 70 wire mesh is attached to one of the flat plates. A known waveguide fiber length is arranged between the plates and a measured reference attenuation while the plates are pressed against each other with a force of 30 newtons. Then, a force of 70 newtons is applied to the plates and the increase in attenuation in dB / m is measured. The increase in attenuation corresponds to the attenuation of the lateral load wire mesh (LLWM) of the waveguide.
    [025] The “pin matrix” curvature test is used to compare the relative strength of the waveguide fiber to a curvature. To perform this test, the attenuation loss of a waveguide fiber is measured essentially without any curvature-induced loss, then the waveguide fiber is wrapped around the pin matrix and the attenuation is measured again.The curvature-induced loss is the difference between the two measured attenuations. A pin array consists of a set of ten cylindrical pins arranged in a single row and held in a fixed vertical position on a flat surface.The pin spacing is 5 mm from center to center. The pin diameter is 0.67 During the test, enough tension is applied to cause the waveguide fiber to conform to the part of the surface with pins.
    [026] The theoretical fiber cut wavelength, or "theoretical fiber cut", or "theoretical cut", for a given mode, is the wavelength above which the guided light does not propagate in the mode in question . We can find a mathematical definition in “Single Mode Fiber Optics”, Jeunhomme, p. 39 to 44, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1990, where the theoretical cut of the fiber is taken as the wavelength at which the modal propagation constant becomes equal to the propagation constant of flat waves in the outer coating.
    [027] The actual cut of the fiber is less than the theoretical cut due to losses induced by curvature and / or mechanical pressure. In this context, the cut refers to the largest of the LP11 and LP02 modes. Generally, LP11 and LP02 are not distinguished in the measurements, but both are evident as steps in the spectral measurement (when using the multi-mode reference technique), that is, no power is observed in the mode at wavelengths greater than the measured cut. The actual cut of the fiber can be measured by a standard 2 m fiber cut test, FOTP-80 (EIA-TIA-455-80), in order to obtain the “fiber cut wavelength”, also known as “2 m fiber cut” or “measured cut”. The FOTP-80 standard test is performed in order to eliminate the higher order modes using a controlled amount of curvature or in order to normalize the spectral response of the fiber to that of a multi-mode fiber.
    [028] Normally, the cutting wavelength of a wired fiber, or “cable cut”, is less than the measured fiber cut due to higher levels of curvature and mechanical pressure in the cable environment. The actual wired condition can be estimated by the wired cut test described in the EIA-445 Optical Fiber Test Procedures, which are part of the EIA-TIA Optical Fiber Standards, that is, the Optical Fiber Standards of the Association of Electronic Industries - Telecommunications Sector, more commonly known as FOTPs. Cable cut measurement is described in “EIA-455-170 Cable Cutoff Wavelength of Single-mode Fiber by Transmitted Powef’ (Single-mode fiber cut-off wavelength wired by transmitted power) or “FOTP-170”. Unless otherwise noted, optical properties (such as dispersion, dispersion drift etc.) are given for LPO1 mode.
    [029] An optical fiber link telecommunications link, or simply link, consists of a light signal transmitter, a light signal receiver and a length of one or more waveguide fibers with the respective ends optically connected to the transmitter and receiver to propagate light signals between them. The length of the waveguide fiber can be made up of several smaller lengths that are braided or connected in series, end to end. A link can include additional optical components, such as optical amplifiers, optical attenuators, optical insulators, optical switches, optical filters, or multiplexing or demultiplexing devices. We can call a set of interconnected links a telecommunications system.
    [030] The term “optical fiber extension”, as used in this document, includes an optical fiber length, or several optical fibers connected in series, which extends between optical devices, for example, between two optical amplifiers, or between a multiplexing device and an optical amplifier. An extension may comprise one or more sections of optical fibers as disclosed in this document and may further comprise one or more sections of other optical fibers, for example, as chosen in order to achieve a desired parameter or system performance, such as residual dispersion at the end of an extension. Embodiments of the invention
    [031] From now on, we will refer in detail to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. Whenever possible, we will use the same reference numbers throughout the drawings to refer to the same or similar parts. Figure 1A illustrates an embodiment of the optical fiber of the present invention, which is indicated as a whole by the reference number 10. The waveguide fiber 10 includes a core 12, which has an actual area of about 90 pm2 or more at a wavelength of 1,550 nm (for example, from 90 pm2 to 160 pm2, from 100 pm2 to 160 pm2 or from 120 pm2 to 140 pm2 at a wavelength of 1,550 nm) and a value of α where 12 <α < 200 (for example, 12 <α <100or12 <α <25), and a coating 20, which surrounds the nucleus. A typical range of α values in the exemplary fibers described in this document is 14 to 20, for example, 15 <α <17. However, higher α values (for example,> 25) can be achieved by chemical vapor deposition plasma (PCVD). The exemplary refractive index profile (delta of the relative refractive index x radius) of this fiber is illustrated schematically in figure 1B.
    [032] The nucleus 12 is free from Ge and comprises a central nucleus region 14, a first annular nucleus region 16, which surrounds and is directly adjacent to the central nucleus region 14, and a second annular region 18, which it surrounds and is directly adjacent to the first annular region 16. The central nucleus region 14 extends radially out of a central line to a radius r0, where 0 pm <r0 <2 pm, and has a percentage profile of the refractive index relative Δ0 (r), measured in% in relation to pure silica, where -0.1% <Δo (r) <0.15. In some embodiments, -0.1% <Δo (r) <0.1%. In some embodiments, -0.1% <Δ0 (r) <0%. For example, in some embodiments, -0.075% <Δ0 (r) <0%. The central core region 14 has a maximum percentage of the relative refractive index ΔQMAX-In the exemplary embodiments described in this document, ΔQMAX occurs on the fiber's center line (r = 0).
    [033] The first annular nucleus region 16 extends to an external radius n, where 4.8 pm <n <w pm, and has a percentage profile of the relative refractive index, Δ-i (r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica, as well as a minimum relative refractive index Δ-IMIN, a maximum relative refractive index ΔIMAX (where ΔQMAX ΔIMAX), where the relative refractive index Δi measured at a radius r = 2.5 pm is : (a) -0.15 <Δi (r = 2.5 pm) <0, and (b) ΔQMAX2: Δi (r = 2.5 pm). In some embodiments, ΔIMAX = Δ-i (r = 2.5 pm).
    [034] The second ring core region 18 is doped with fluorine, as well as surrounding and directly adjacent to the first ring region 16. Normally, according to the embodiments described in this document, the second ring core region 18 has 0, 1% by weight to 2% by weight of fluorine, for example, from 0.1% by weight to 1.6% by weight or from 0.4% by weight to 2% by weight of fluorine.
    [035] The second region of annular nucleus 18 extends to a radius r2, where 13 pm <r2 <30 pm, and has a negative percentage profile of the relative refractive index, Δ2 (r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica, where the minimum percentage of the relative refractive index Δ2MIN θ: (a) Δ2MIN <Δi (r = 2.5 pm) and / or Δ2MIN <ΔIMAX, θ (b) -0.7% <Δ2MIN -0, 27%. Δ2 (r) also presents a maximum percentage of the relative refractive index Δ2MAX where Δ2MAX <Δ-i (r = 2.5 pm) and Δ2MAX Δ2MIN-In some embodiments, -0.5% <Δ2MIN <-0.27%. For example, Δ2MIN can be -0.29%, -0.3%, -0.35%, -0.38%. For example, Δ2MIN can be -0.29%, -0.3%, -0.35%, -0.38%, -0.4%, -0.47%, -0.5% or any value between Those. In other embodiments, -0.4% <Δ2MIN <-0.27%.
    [036] It is worth noting that, in cases where the second region of annular nucleus 18 has a relatively stable refractive index profile, Δ2MAX - Δ2MIN <0.03%, radius n is defined in order to correspond to the point value mean between Δ-i (r = 2.5 pm) and the first instant when the second annular region reaches Δ2MIN- IE, r- | is a radius where Δ (r) = [Δ-i (r = 2.5 pm) + ΔSMIN] /2. Likewise, the external radius r2 of the annular nucleus region 18 is defined in order to correspond to the midpoint value between Δ2MIN θ the first instant when Δa = Δ3MAX- That is, r2 is a radius where Δ (r) = [Δ2MIN + Δ3MAX] / 2. It is worth noting that, in cases where the second annular core region 18 does not have a relatively stable refractive index profile, that is, Δ2MAX - Δ2MIN0.03%, and in which Δ2 reaches its Δ2MIN closer to the coating, radius n is defined in order to correspond to the value of the midpoint between Δi (r = 2.5 pm) and the first instant when the second ring region reaches Δ2MAX- IE η is a radius where Δ (r) = [Δi (r = 2.5 pm) + Δ2MAX] /2.The radius r2 continues to be defined in order to correspond to the value of the midpoint between Δ2MIN θ the first instant when the second ring region reaches ΔSMAX., That is, r2 is a radius where Δ (r) = [Δ2MIN + ΔSMAX] / 2.
    [037] In some embodiments, the ratio r2 / η is between 2 and 6. Preferably, the ratio r2 / η is such that 2.1 <r2 / η <5.75, for example, 2.15 <r2 / η <5.7. Preferably, r2 <30 pm, for example, 14 pm <r2 <29 pm. For data Δ2 and Δ3, if the ratio r2 / η is small (for example, because η is large), the MFD becomes large, Ào becomes small and the dispersion D at 1,550 nm becomes large. If the ratio r2 / η is too large, the MFD can become very small, by moving to higher wavelengths and the dispersion D at 1,550 nm becomes small.
    [038] The coating 20 surrounds the core 12 and has a percentage of the relative refractive index, Δ3 (r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica where Δs (r)> Δ2MIN-
    [039] In some exemplary embodiments, core 12 and liner 20 include F as a subtopic. In these embodiments, the amount of F present in the first 16 and second 18 ring core regions is greater than the amount of fluorine present in the central core region 14. In some exemplary embodiments, the core 12 also includes at least one metal oxide dopant alkaline, for example, where the alkali is K, Na, Li, Cs or Rb. In some exemplary embodiments, core 12 contains K2O in amounts of 20 ppm to 1,000 ppm by weight of K. Fiber 10 can also include chlorine. It is preferable that the amount of chlorine is greater than 500 ppm by weight in core 12 and greater than 10,000 ppm by weight in coating 20. It is worth noting that the term “ppm”, unless otherwise specified, means parts per million by weight, or ppm by weight, and a% weight measurement can be converted to ppm by multiplying it by a factor of 10,000.
    [040] The profile of the relative refractive index of the optical fiber 10 is selected in order to provide an attenuation that does not exceed 0.175 dB / km at an A wavelength of 1,550 nm, for example, from 0.145 dB / km to 0.175 dB / km at an A wavelength of 1,550 nm. The attenuation values can be 0.145 dB / km to 0.17 dB / km or 0.15 dB / km to 0.165 dB / km, or, for example, 0.15 dB / km, 0.155 dB / km, 0.16 dB / km, 0.165 dB / km, 0.165 dB / km or 0.17 dB / km at an A wavelength of 1,550 nm. Examples 1 to 15
    [041] The invention will be better understood based on the following examples.
    [042] Tables 1 and 2 list characteristics of examples 1 to 15 of an illustrative set of fiber embodiments. Figures 2 to 16 illustrate the refractive index profiles corresponding to examples 1 to 15, respectively. In the optical fiber embodiments of examples 1 to 15, -0.5% <Δo = <0% and ΔOmax = <0%; -0.065% <Δi (r = 2.5pm) <0%, -0.065% - Δimax - 0.0%, -0.5% Δ2MIN- -0.27%, -0.4% <Δ3 -0, 2%, and r2 / n is 2.17 <r2 / η <5.7 and r2 <30. However, it is worth noting that, in other embodiments, Δo may be slightly greater or less than 0% (in relation to silica), depending on whether there are overdopants or subdopants in the central core region 14. Although some embodiments of optical fibers 10 have α values between 12 and 25, the optical fiber embodiments of examples 1 to 9 have α values in the range 13 to 15. The fiber optic embodiments of examples 10 to 15 have α values of about 20.
    [043] Table 1A summarizes the modeled profile parameters of these exemplary fibers. The values for r3 correspond to the outer diameter of the coating and, in these examples, r3 was 62.5 pm. In some exemplary fibers, Δ2 (%) = Δ3 (%). Thus, as in these embodiments there is no obvious change in the index between the ring core regions 16 and 18, the value of r2 is given within a specific range. Table 1

    [044] In these 15 exemplary embodiments, cores 12 are based on silica (SiO2) and doped with fluorine. The following table gives the amounts of fluorine, F, in percentage by weight (% by weight) for core regions 16 and 18 and for coating 20. Table 2

    [045] It is worth noting that, in the embodiments of optical fibers corresponding to examples 1 to 9 in table 1, ΔQMAX = ΔIMAX, θ the composition of the central core region 14 and the first annular region 16 (up to the elbow section in the graph associated with the transition to the second ring region 18) are identical (see figures 2 to 10). Therefore, as in examples 1 to 9, there is no clear transition between core regions 14 and 16, although table 1 specifies that ro is equal to 0 pm, we could also say that r0 = 2 pm. In these exemplary fibers, ΔQMAX θ is equal to 0, since the core region 14 (and at least part of the first ring region 16) is pure silica.
    [046] More specifically, the optical fiber embodiments corresponding to examples 2 to 5 in table 1 (see figures 3 to 6) include a refractive index profile of the core with a central core region 14 surrounded by the first region ring nucleus 16 which has a refractive index Δo = Δi, which, in turn, is surrounded by a region of ditch corresponding to the second region of annular nucleus 18 with refraction index Δ2MIN-This ditch (second region of annular nucleus 18 ) is surrounded by coating 20 with refractive index Δ3> Δ2MIN-In embodiments of optical fibers corresponding to examples 1 to 5, -0.38% <Δ3 <-0.26%; - 0.412% <Δ2 ^ -0.290%.
    [047] Optical fiber embodiments corresponding to examples 6 through 9 in table 1 include a core refractive index profile with a central core region 14 of pure silica surrounded by the first ring core region 16 (of pure silica) with a relative refractive index Δo = Δi = 0. In these exemplary fibers, the first annular core region 16 is surrounded by the second annular core region 18 with a relative refractive index Δ2 <Δi. The second annular core region 18 with a relative refractive index Δ2 is surrounded by a coating 20 with refractive index Δ3 = Δ2. In the optical fiber embodiments corresponding to examples 6, 7 and 9, the compositions of the second annular core region 18 and the coating 20 are identical. However, in other embodiments (see, for example, the fiber optic parameters of example 9), the compositions of the second annular region 18 and the coating 20 may not be identical, that is, Δ3 + Δ2MINor Δ3> Δ2MIN-In the embodiments of optical fibers corresponding to examples 6 to 9, -0.382% Δ3-0.292% and -0.382% <Δ3 <-0.315%. The fiber optic embodiments corresponding to examples 10 to 15 in table 1 (see figures 11 to 16) include a core refractive index profile with a central core region 14 of pure silica with a relative refractive index ΔQMAX = 0 surrounded by a first annular core region 16. The first annular region 16 has a relative refractive index Δ1 where -0.1% <Δ-, <0% and is surrounded by a fossa region corresponding to the second region of ring nucleus 18 with refractive index Δ2MIN-In embodiments of optical fibers corresponding to examples 10 to 15, the second region of ring nucleus 18 presents -0.5% <Δ2MIN-0.27%, for example, Δ2MIN can be -0 , 29, -0.3, -0.35, -0.38, -0.4, -0.47 or any value in between. The ditch (second ring core region 16) is surrounded by a third ring core region 18 with refractive index Δ3> Δ2MIN-In embodiments of optical fibers corresponding to examples 10 to 15, - 0.38% <Δ3 <- 0.26%.
    [048] Some of the embodiments of optical fibers have the values modeled below: cutting wavelength of the Àc fiber between 1,321 nm and 1,580 nm, real area Areai θm 1,550 nm where 90 pm2 <Areai 160 pm2, dispersion D at 1,550 nm between 18 ps / nm / km and 25 ps / nm / km, more preferably between 19 ps / nm / km and 23.5 ps / nm / km, and attenuation at 1550 nm less than 0.175 dB / km, for example, between 0.165 dB / km and 0.175 dB / km. The exemplary fibers in Table 1 were modeled and the modeled optical attributes are listed in Tables 2A and 2B. Table 2A



    Table 2B



    [049] In tables 2A and 2B, the terms "deviation at 1,310 nm" and "deviation at 1,550 nm" mean the dispersion deviation in units of ps / nm2 / km at the wavelengths of 1,310 nm and 1,550 nm, respectively; “MFD at 1,310 nm” and “MFD at 1,550 nm” mean the diameters of the modal field in microns at the wavelengths of 1,310 nm and 1,550 nm, respectively; "Areai at 1,310 nm" and "Areai at 1,550 nm" mean the actual fiber area in square microns at the wavelengths of 1,310 nm and 1,550 nm, respectively; “Dispersion at 1,625 nm” means dispersion in units of ps / nm / km at the wavelength of 1,625 nm, “attenuation at 1,550 nm” means the attenuation at the wavelength of 1,550 nm in dB / km, and the term “Lambda 0 ”or“ Ao ”means the zero dispersion wavelength in nm. Examples of fiber 16 to 23
    [050] The modeled refractive index profiles of two embodiments of the optical fiber 10 of the present invention (fiber examples 16 and 17) are illustrated in figure 17. These optical fibers include a core 12, which has a real area of about of 110 pm2 at 1,550 nm of wavelength, and a coating 20, which surrounds the nucleus. Core 12 includes a central core region 14 of pure silica, which extends radially out of a central line at a radius r0, where 0 pm <r0 <2 pm, and a first annular core region 16, which extends to the external radius η, where n is about 5 pm. The second annular region 18 surrounds the first annular region 16 and is subdopated with respect to it. The second ring region extends to the outer radius r2, where r2 is about 17 pm, in the fiber example 16, and about 25 pm, in the fiber example 17. Table 3A below lists the optical parameters of the examples fiber 16 and 17. Table 3A: Optical parameters of fiber 16 and 17 examples

    [051] Table 3B below lists characteristic of fiber examples 18 to 21 from another illustrative set of fiber embodiments. Table 3B: Examples of fiber from 18 to 21


    [052] Figure 18 illustrates the refractive index profile of the fiber example 22 (manufactured). This fiber had a measured Areai of 110 pm2 and its attenuation was 0.167 dB / km at 1,550 nm. The following tables (4a and 4b) list optical parameters of fiber example 22. Table 4
    Table 4b: Predicted optical properties

    [053] Figure 19 illustrates the refractive index profile of the fiber example 23 (manufactured). The Profile 1 index profile has been manufactured. This fiber had a measured Areai of 110 pm2 and its attenuation was 0.17 dB / km at 1,550 nm. The following tables (5a and 5b) list optical parameters of fiber example 23. Table 5a: Measured optical properties
    Examples 24, 25 and 26 to 34
    [054] Table 6A lists measured characteristics of two additional examples 24 and 25, and figure 20 illustrates the profile of the measured refractive index of the fiber in example 24. Table 6B summarizes the average, maximum and minimum values of the measured attributes of more than 500 km of optical fiber made according to the invention. The fiber optic embodiments corresponding to tables 6A and 6B have a first core 12 doped with alkali and a second annular region 18 doped with fluorine. These fibers have a real Areai area greater than 100 pm2, preferably greater than 110 pm2, more preferably greater than 115 pm2 and, even more preferably, greater than 120 pm2. The cable cut of these fiber embodiments is less than 1,520 nm, more preferably, less than 1,500 nm and, even more preferably, less than 1,450 nm. The typical attenuation of these fiber embodiments (see, for example, tables 6A and 6B) is less than 0.17 dB / km, more preferably less than 0.16 dB / km and, more preferably, less than 0.155 dB / km. Table 6A (Examples of fiber 24 and 25)
    Table 6B


    [055] Table 7 lists the profile parameters and modeled characteristics of examples 26 to 34 of another illustrative set of fiber embodiments. Figure 21 illustrates a graph of the refractive index profiles of two additional fiber embodiments (29 and 33 in table 7) of the invention with actual areas greater than 115 pm2 The common properties of the exemplary fiber embodiments in Table 7 are: in fiber embodiments with an actual area greater than 115 pm2, preferably the optical fiber has a primary coverage with a Young's modulus less than 1.0 Mpa and a secondary coverage with a Young's modulus greater than 1,200 Mpa. Examples 26 to 34 show attenuation values at 1,550 nm less than 0.175 dB / km, preferably less than 0.17 dB / km, cable cut length <1,500 nm, preferably <1,450 nm, and a real area > 110 pm2, preferably> 120 pm2, more preferably> 130 pm2. The microcurvature loss of the side load wire mesh (LLWM) is <5 dB, preferably <4 dB, more preferably <3 dB. The wavelength of the LP11 cut is preferably between 1,350 nm and 1,500 nm, more preferably between 1,380 nm and 1,450 nm.
    [056] In embodiments 26 to 34, -0.2% <Δo = 0.2%, - 0.065% <Δi (r = 2.5 pm) <0%, -0.065% <Δimax <0.0% , -0.5% <Δ2MIN - 0.27%, -0.4% <Δβ -0.2% (preferably, -0.3% <Δ3 <-0.2%), and ri / r2 is 0 , 2 <r- | / r2 0.3, and r2 <30. The volume of the second annular nucleus region is preferably less than -40% in pm2, more preferably less than - 50% in pm2, where the volume of the profile is calculated by integrating the weighted radial difference in the index of the second annular core region in relation to the index of the coating region:

    [057] A more negative profile volume is desirable to help confine the optical power to the core, thereby minimizing microcurvature losses and allowing the combination of a large real area with low attenuation. In embodiments 26 to 34, the ratio of the radius of the first annular core region to the radius of the second annular nucleus region, r1 / r2, is less than 0.4, preferably less than 0.3, and more preferably , between 0.2 and 0.3. The microcurvature merit factor (MFOM) given in table 7 is a parameter that captures the relationship between microcurvature and dispersion.

    [058] Where D is the fiber dispersion at 1,550 nm, C is a measure of reduction in microcurvature due to the coating, and LP11 is the theoretical cut-off wavelength of the LP11 mode. The microcurvature merit factor (MFOM) is preferably <0.6, more preferably <0.55 and, most preferably, between 0.45 and 0.5. Table 7


    [059] Table 8 gives the measured properties of two optical fibers made according to example 29 of table 7. The optical fiber embodiments corresponding to table 7 show a first core 12 doped with alkali and a second annular region 18 doped with fluorine. These fibers have a real area greater than 115 pm2, preferably greater than 120 pm2, more preferably greater than 125 pm2. The cable cut of these fiber embodiments is less than 1,520 nm, more preferably, less than 1,500 nm and, most preferably, less than 1,450 nm. The typical attenuation of these fiber embodiments is less than 0.175 db / km, more preferably less than 0.17 dB / km. Table 7 (Example of fiber 29)

    [060] The dependence of the LLWM modeled on the MFOM is represented in figure 22. There is an excellent correlation between these two parameters, so this new criterion is an excellent way to assess the sensitivity to microcurvatures of a given fiber design. This also explains why less dispersed fibers are more sensitive to microcurvatures. In figure 22, the upper curve shows that low attenuation fibers made with standard coverage present acceptable microcurvature losses (LLWM <2 dB) for microcurvature merit factors of up to about 0.45. This limits the actual fiber area to about 115 pm2. The lower curve of figure 22 shows that a covering that gives greater resistance to microcurvatures allows higher values of MFOM, which allows the maximum LLWM value to extend to about 4 dB, which, in turn, allows real areas significantly wider. Low-attenuation optical fibers with real areas of 140 pm2 are possible by combining the profile designs in Table 7 with a coverage with greater resistance to microcurves.
    [061] We found that a certain combination of primary and secondary coverings markedly improves microcurvature performance and therefore overall attenuation, thus making it possible to increase the actual fiber area to> 115 pm2, preferably> 120 pm2 and, more preferably ,> 130 pm2 An optical fiber with a real area of at least 115 pm2, preferably, comprises a primary covering P in contact with the covering 20 and surrounding it. The primary cover P has a Young's modulus less than 1.0 MPa, preferably less than 0.9 MPa and, in preferred embodiments, not exceeding 0.8 MPa. This optical fiber further comprises a secondary cover S that makes contact with the primary cover P and surrounds it. The secondary cover S has a Young's modulus, preferably greater than 1,200 MPa and, more preferably, greater than 1,400 MPa.
    [062] As used in this document, Young's modulus, elongation to break and tensile strength of a cured polymeric material from a primary coating are measured using a tensile test instrument (for example, a tester traction system or an INSTRON universal material testing system) on a sample of material in the form of a film about 76 pm to 102 pm thick and about 1.3 cm wide, with a usable length of 5 , 1 cm and a test speed of 2.5 cm / min.
    [063] In the exemplary embodiments, the primary cover P desirably has a glass transition temperature lower than the lowest projected usage temperature of the coated optical fiber. In some embodiments, the primary cover P has a glass transition temperature below -25 ° C, more preferably below -30 ° C. Desirably, the primary cover P has a higher refractive index than the fiber optic coating at to allow it to remove erroneous optical signals from the fiber optic core. For example, a transmission optical fiber has refractive index values at a wavelength of 1,550 for the core and coating of 1,447 and 1,436, respectively; therefore, it is desirable that the refractive index of the primary cover P is greater than 1.44 at 1,550 nm. The primary coating P would maintain adequate adhesion with the fiberglass during thermal and hydrolytic aging and would still be removable from it for interlacing purposes. The primary cover P normally has a thickness in the range of 25 pm to 50 pm (for example, about 32.5 pm) and can be applied to the optical fiber as a liquid and cured.
    [064] The primary coating P is preferably a cured product of a primary curable composition that includes an oligomer and at least one monomer. The primary curable compositions used in forming the primary coatings can also include photoinitiators.
    [065] It will be evident to those skilled in the art the possibility of making various modifications and variations in the present invention without diverging from its essence or its scope. Therefore, it is intended that the present invention covers modifications and variations, as long as these are within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
    权利要求:
    Claims (33)
    [0001]
    1. Optical waveguide fiber characterized by: (i) a Ge-free core with a real area of 100.4 pm2 to 160 pm2, at a wavelength of 1,550 nm, and a value of α where 12 < α <200, said core comprising: (a) a central core region, which extends radially out of a central line to a radius r0 and has a percentage profile of the relative refractive index, Δ0 (r) in% , measured in relation to pure silica where - 0.1% <Δ0 (r) <1%, where the central core region has a maximum percentage of the relative refractive index ΔQMAX; (b) a first annular nucleus region, which surrounds and is directly adjacent to the central nucleus region, extends to an external radius n where 4.8 pm <n <10 pm and has a percentage profile of the refractive index relative, Δ-j (r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica, as well as a minimum relative refractive index Δ2MIN, where the relative refractive index measured at a radius r = 2.5 pm is: -0.15 <Δi (r = 2.5 pm) <0 and ΔQMAX Δi (r = 2.5 pm); (c) a second annular region doped with fluorine, which surrounds and is directly adjacent to the first annular nucleus region, extends to a radius r2 where 13 pm <r2 <30 pm and has a negative percentage profile of the refractive index relative, Δ2 (r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica, where a minimum percentage of the relative refractive index Δ2MIN is: Δ2MIN <Δi (r = 2.5 pm) and -0.5% <Δ2MIN <-0 , 27%; (ii) a coating, which surrounds the core and has a percentage of the relative refractive index, Δc (r) in%, measured in relation to silica, and Δc (r) = Δ2MIN ± 0.3% in which the profile the relative refractive index of the optical fiber is selected in order to provide an attenuation that does not exceed 0.175 dB / km at the wavelength of 1,550 nm; (iii) a primary coverage with a Young's modulus less than 1.0 Mpa; (iv) a secondary coverage with a Young's modulus greater than 1,200 Mpa; and wherein said fiber has a real area greater than 115 pm2.
    [0002]
    2. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that at least part of the central core region is made of pure silica.
    [0003]
    3. Optical waveguide fiber, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that -0.5% <Δ2MIN <-0.25%.
    [0004]
    4. Optical waveguide fiber, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that -0.1% <Δi (r = 2.5) <0%.
    [0005]
    5. Optical waveguide fiber, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that Δo = 0; -0.07% <Δ ^ r = 2.5 pm) <0%, -0.5% <Δ2MIN-0, 27%, r2 / n is 2.17 <r2 / η <5.7 er2 <30 .
    [0006]
    Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 1, characterized by a dispersion D at a wavelength of 1,550 nm where 18 <D <25 ps / nm / km.
    [0007]
    Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 1, characterized by a dispersion D at a wavelength of 1,550 nm where 19 <D <23 ps / nm / km.
    [0008]
    Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 1, characterized by a zero dispersion wavelength Ao where 1.245 nm <Ao 1.290 nm.
    [0009]
    9. Optical fiber, according to claim 1, characterized by a loss by macrocurvature at 1,550 nm less than 10 dB / m for 20 turns around a 20 mm diameter mandrel.
    [0010]
    10. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that said second fluorine-doped second ring region has from 0.01% by weight to 1.6% by weight of fluorine.
    [0011]
    11. Optical waveguide fiber, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that: (i) said Ge-free core has a real area between 100 pm2 and 160 pm2; and (ii) a second fluorine-doped ring region has from 0.07% by weight to 1.6% by weight of fluorine.
    [0012]
    Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 1, characterized by having more than 500 ppm of chlorine in said core and more than 10,000 ppm of chlorine in the coating.
    [0013]
    13. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it comprises: (i) a Ge-free core with a real area of 100 pm2 to 160 pm2, at a wavelength of 1,550 nm , and a value of α where 12 <α <25, said nucleus comprising: (a) a central nucleus region, which extends radially out of a central line at a radius of 0 pm <r0 <2 pm and has a percentage profile of the relative refractive index, Δ0 (r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica where -0.1% <Δ0 (r) <1%, where the central core region has a maximum percentage of relative refractive index ΔQMAX; (b) a first annular nucleus region, which surrounds and is directly adjacent to the central nucleus region, extends to an external radius n where 4.8 pm <n <10 pm and has a percentage profile of the refractive index relative, Δi (r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica, as well as a minimum relative refractive index Δ2MIN, where the relative refractive index measured at a radius r = 2.5 pm is: -0.07% < Δi (r = 2.5 pm) <0% and ΔQMAX Δi (r = 2.5 pm); (c) a second annular region doped with fluorine, which surrounds and is directly adjacent to the first annular nucleus region, extends to a radius r2 where 13 pm <r2 <30 pm and has a negative percentage profile of the refractive index relative, Δ2 (r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica, where a minimum percentage of the relative refractive index Δ2MIN is: Δ2MIN <Δ ^ r = 2.5 pm); (ii) a coating, which surrounds the core and has a percentage of the relative refractive index, Δ3 (r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica and Δc (r) = Δ2MIN ± 0.3%, where the profile of the relative refractive index of the optical fiber is selected in order to provide an attenuation between 0.15 dB / km and 0.175 dB / km at 1,550 nm, where Δo = 0, -0.07% <Δi (r = 2, 5 pm) <0%, r2 / n is 2.17 <r2 / n <5.7 and er2 <30, said optical waveguide fiber has a D dispersion at a wavelength of 1,550 nm where 18 ps / nm / km <D <25 ps / nm / km, 1,245 nm <Ào <1290 nm and macrocurvature loss at 1,550 nm less than 10 dB / m for 20 turns around a 20 mm diameter mandrel.
    [0014]
    14. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that (i) said second fluorine-doped second ring region has from 0.01% by weight to 1.6% by weight of fluorine and (iii) said fiber has more than 500 ppm of chlorine in said core and more than 10,000 ppm of chlorine in the coating.
    [0015]
    15. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that it comprises: (i) a Ge-free core with a real area of 100.4 pm2 to 160 pm2, at a wavelength of 1,550 nm, and a value of α where 12 <α <25, said nucleus comprising: (a) a central nucleus region, which extends radially out of a central line at a radius of 0 pm <r0 2 pm and has a percentage profile of the relative refractive index, Δ0 (r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica where -0.1% <Δ0 (r) <0.1%, in which the central core region has a maximum percentage of the relative refractive index ΔQMAX; (b) a first annular nucleus region, which surrounds and is directly adjacent to the central nucleus region, extends to an external radius n where 4.8 pm <η <10 pm and has a percentage profile of the refractive index relative, Δ ^ r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica, as well as a minimum relative refractive index Δ2MIN, where the relative refractive index measured at a radius r = 2.5 pm is: -0.15 <Δi (r = 2.5 pm) <0 and ΔQMAX Δ ^ r = 2.5 pm); (c) a second annular region doped with fluorine, which surrounds and is directly adjacent to the first annular nucleus region, extends to a radius r2 where 13 pm <r2 <30 pm and has a negative percentage profile of the refractive index relative, Δ2 (r) in%, measured in relation to pure silica, where a minimum percentage of the relative refractive index Δ2MIN is: Δ2MIN <Δi (r = 2.5 pm) and -0.5% <Δ2MIN <-0 , 27%; (ii) a coating, which surrounds the core and has a percentage of the relative refractive index, Δc (r) in%, measured in relation to silica, and Δc (r) = Δ2MIN ± 0.3%
    [0016]
    16. Optical waveguide fiber, according to claim 15, characterized by the fact that it has a real area> 101.7 pm2.
    [0017]
    17. Optical waveguide fiber, according to claim 16, characterized by the fact that it has a real area> 110 pm2.
    [0018]
    18. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 15, characterized by the fact that its relative refractive index profile is structured to provide an attenuation that does not exceed 0.16 dB / km at the wavelength of 1550 nm .
    [0019]
    19. Optical waveguide fiber, according to claim 18, characterized by the fact that its relative refractive index profile is structure to provide an attenuation that does not exceed 0.155 dB / km at the wavelength of 1550 nm.
    [0020]
    20. Optical waveguide fiber, according to claim 15, characterized by the fact that its relative refractive index profile is structured to confer (i) an attenuation that does not exceed 0.16 dB / km in the wavelength 1550 nm and (ii) the cable cut-off wavelength is less than 1520 nm.
    [0021]
    21. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 20, characterized in that the cable cutting wavelength is less than 1450 nm
    [0022]
    22. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 20, characterized by having a real Areai area> 120 pm2 and by the fact that its relative refractive index profile is structured to provide a dispersion that does not exceed 21 ps / nm / km.
    [0023]
    23. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that at least part of the core comprises an alkali.
    [0024]
    24. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 23, characterized in that the alkali comprises Na, K or Rb.
    [0025]
    25. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 23, characterized by the fact that the alkali comprises K in the range of 20 ppm to 1,000 ppm by weight.
    [0026]
    26. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 13, characterized by the fact that at least part of the core comprises an alkali.
    [0027]
    27. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 26, characterized by the fact that the alkali comprises Na, K or Rb.
    [0028]
    28. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 26, characterized by the fact that the alkali comprises K in the range of 20 ppm to 1,000 ppm by weight.
    [0029]
    29. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that at least part of the core comprises an alkali.
    [0030]
    30. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 29, characterized in that the alkali comprises Na, K or Rb.
    [0031]
    31. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 29, characterized by the fact that the alkali comprises K in the range of 20 ppm to 1,000 ppm by weight.
    [0032]
    32. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 1, characterized by having a dispersion D that does not exceed 21 ps / nm / km at the wavelength of 1,550 nm.
    [0033]
    33. Optical waveguide fiber according to claim 21, characterized in that it has a dispersion D that does not exceed 20 ps / nm / km at a wavelength of 1,550 nm.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BR112012018573A2|2016-04-05|
    WO2011094256A1|2011-08-04|
    RU2012136835A|2014-03-10|
    JP2013518312A|2013-05-20|
    CN102859405A|2013-01-02|
    JP5748775B2|2015-07-15|
    US8315495B2|2012-11-20|
    WO2011094256A8|2012-10-18|
    CN102859405B|2016-08-31|
    RU2550752C2|2015-05-10|
    KR20120139709A|2012-12-27|
    EP2529261B1|2020-10-14|
    US20100195966A1|2010-08-05|
    EP2529261A1|2012-12-05|
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    法律状态:
    2017-04-04| B11A| Dismissal acc. art.33 of ipl - examination not requested within 36 months of filing|
    2017-06-06| B04C| Request for examination: application reinstated [chapter 4.3 patent gazette]|
    2019-01-08| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according [chapter 6.6 patent gazette]|
    2019-08-20| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: procedure suspended [chapter 6.21 patent gazette]|
    2020-01-21| B07A| Application suspended after technical examination (opinion) [chapter 7.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-05-26| B09A| Decision: intention to grant [chapter 9.1 patent gazette]|
    2020-10-13| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted [chapter 16.1 patent gazette]|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 26/01/2011, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    US12/696,189|US8315495B2|2009-01-30|2010-01-29|Large effective area fiber with Ge-free core|
    US12/696,189|2010-01-29|
    PCT/US2011/022503|WO2011094256A1|2010-01-29|2011-01-26|Large effective area fiber with ge-free core|
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